Aug 25, 2015 synthesis of zno particles with a precipitation method in alcohol solution is the most commonly used and promising lowcost route. Currently, hummers method kmno 4, nano 3, h 2so 4 is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. New additions will be communicated via the gographene blog. Pdf synthesis and fabrication of graphene and graphene. An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide go is described. Graphene and graphene oxide graphene sheets can be obtained using a number of procedures. Synthesis of graphene, various methods, mechanism, advantages and drawbacks, preparation of ndoped graphene. They learn about the chemical process used to remove a thin layer of graphite to make graphene and then how it can be oxidized to form graphene oxide. After reduction reaction is complete, the spacers and pillaring agents are removed. Using suitable choice of reaction parameters including temperature and time, this recipe does not. An improved hummers method for ecofriendly synthesis of. Chapter 2 synthesis, characterization and models of. All the hybrids obtained present a wide range of nitrogenbased groups that include the nitro group, and a.
Synthesis of graphene oxide scientific research publishing. Synthesis variables were optimized according to a thickness value, calculated using a homemade excelvba. About thirty years ago, the term graphene was officially claimed to define the single atomthin carbon layer of graphite, which. The team at graphene box offers all the technical documentation for our products in our online store. Here we propose a strategy of radical oxidation reaction for the highefficiency production of graphene oxide go. Expandable graphite flake 1 g was ground with nacl 50 g for 10 min. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide rgo from graphene. Ultrasound assisted green synthesis and characterization of.
Synthesis and fabrication of graphene and graphene oxide. Go plays important roles in the sustainable development of energy and the environment, taking advantages of oxygencontaining functional groups for good dispersibility and assembly. Graphene oxide go, product numbers 763705 and 777676 is a unique material that can be viewed as a single monomolecular layer of graphite with various oxygen containing functionalities such as epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Structure and synthesis of graphene oxide sciencedirect. Synthesis of highly reduced graphene oxide for supercapacitor. Paper open access related content synthesis of reduced. Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphene like materials, is also discussed. Due to the presence of oxygen functionalities, graphene oxide can easily disperse in. Grafting thin layered graphene oxide onto the surface of. Tailorable synthesis of highly oxidized graphene oxides via.
Graphene synthesis by exfoliation graphene was first isolated by the manual exfoliation of pyrolytic graphite using adhesive tape. Fast and fullyscalable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide. The effects sonication cause synthesis of go undergoes peeling graphitic layer and at the same time expose the layer with oxidizing agent. Synthesis of graphenetransition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields single layer graphite, known as graphene, is an important material because of its unique twodimensional structure, high conductivity, excellent electron mobility and high surface area. Particular emphasis is directed toward the synthesis of graphene oxide, as well as its structure. Graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition and transfer. The reduced graphene oxide was scarcely prepared in solid phase. However, the synthesis of go in an economical and efficient way remains a. We have found that excluding the nano 3, increasing the amount of kmno 4, and performing the reaction in a 9. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide nanoparticles. Graphene oxide go is a biocompatible nanomaterial possessing good antibacterial activity. Parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of concentration were varied to study the degree of oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide. Pdf natural flake graphite was used as the starting material for the graphene synthesis.
Nacl was dissolved in water and removed by filtration. Graphene synthesis single layer few layers micromechanical cleavage of hopg chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide 26 layers. Jul 21, 2017 graphene oxide has a lot of potential due to easy synthesis, costeffectiveness and scope for mass scale production. The synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and graphene oxide. Related content synthesis of fewlayered, highpurity graphene oxide sheets from different. Sheets can not be close to each other in reduction process, and sheets agglomeration might not form. The clear intention of the graphene oxide research at william blythe is to carry out further analysis on their graphene oxide materials, the results of which will be added to this page over time. Choy, synthesis of aluminium oxide graphene nanocomposites and application as an anode material for lithiumion batteries. Composites an alternative synthesis route to graphene oxide. The synthesis of graphene sheets using sodium dodecyl sulfate. Chapter 3 synthesis, characterization of graphene oxide and preparation of freestanding. It is one of the important materials for the futuristic memory devices. Graphene oxide go was prepared by an improved green chemical method using graphite flakes.
Facile synthesis of mesoporous reduced graphene oxide microspheres with welldistributed fe2o3 nanoparticles for photochemical catalysis. Graphene oxide go can be regarded as one typical twodimension structured oxygenated planar molecular material. But much higher amount of graphene oxide can leads to incomplete reduction and thus bad quality final product. In go sp2 bonded carbon atoms arranged in a single layered. Paper open access synthesis and characterization of. There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Although graphite oxide is a multilayer system, monolayer flakes and fewlayer flakes can be found in a graphene oxide dispersion. Nanographene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery. A new approach to synthesize graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with a mixture of h 2 so 4 h 3 po 4 acids and potassium permanganate.
A number of techniques for preparing graphene sheets. Graphene, a oneatom thick twodimensional crystal, has attracted tremendous attention for its unusual electronic properties and possible application in various. May 15, 2015 exfoliation of graphite is a promising approach for largescale production of graphene. However, the synthesis of go in an economical and efficient way remains a great. Scalability is an important factor for the synthesis of graphene, and one of the most popular approaches towards graphite exfoliation is the use of strong oxidizing agents to obtain graphene oxide go, a nonconductive hydrophilic. Selective catalytic hydrogenation of heteroarenes with n. The flow chart for synthesis of go is given in figure 3. Graphite flakes 2 g and nano 3 2 g were mixed in 90 ml of h 2 so 4. This work describes the synthesis of graphene oxide go by both hummers and modified hummers method and its characterization by xrd, ftir spectroscopy and sem. Graphene oxide and nanotechnology grade level 11 912 time required 100 minutes summary students learn about one of many possible applications of nanotechnology in the field of engineering.
Structural analysis of graphite oxide go graphene oxide go was a specific branch of graphene research. Graphene can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition e. These nanosheets were subjected to various purification steps. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Graphene oxide go was made by a modified hummers method using expandable graphite flake graftech as starting material. Synthesis and exfoliation of isocyanatetreated graphene. Louis, mo, usa were dissolved in 300 ml of sulfuric acid h2so4, 98%, scharlab s. This work represents a stateoftheart technique developed for the preparation of graphene from graphitemetal electrodes by the arcdischarge method carried out in a continuous flow of water. As an important precursor and derivate of graphene, graphene oxide go has received wide attention in recent years. In this article, we are going to learn about the methods of graphene synthesis that are hummers method, chemical vapor deposition, chemical exfoliation of graphene, electrochemical exfoliation.
Comprehensive characterizations of the properties of go films were conducted. The band gap of graphene oxide can be easily tuned by varying the oxidation level. Go powder thus obtained was dried at room temperature. Graphene oxide and nanotechnology university of houston. Applications of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide rgo via chemical reduction. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide.
The reduced graphene oxide was isolated from the reduced graphene oxide polyethyleneterephthalate composite and characterized by thermogravimetry, xray photoelectron spectroscopy and xray diffraction methods. Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and biological application of graphene oxide by xiguang gao a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the. Copper and nickel were used as catalysts in the cvd graphene synthesis, ch4 and h2being used as precursor gases. Lewin1 1tony davies high voltage laboratory, department of electronics and computer science, faculty of engineering and physical sciences, university of southampton, southampton, uk. The field of nanotechnology has advanced following the discovery of a twodimensional material of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms, graphene in 2004 by geim and novoselov. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Since a part of polymer could not be removed from reduced graphene oxide particles by trifluoroacetic acid, the hypothesis about. A low cost, nonexplosive process for the synthesis of graphene oxide go is demonstrated. Onestep synthesis of zwitterionic graphene oxide nanohybrid. The reduced graphene oxide nanosheets will be characterized and compared to graphene oxide nanosheets with the expectation that reduced graphene oxide will have a smaller d peak than graphene oxide synthesis a 9. The first plastics appeared much later than the first synthesis of artificial graphite oxide in 1859. Furthermore, in this section we provide all download links for our msds, raman spectroscopy photographs, use and handling specifications, manuals. Because of continuous arcing of graphitemetal electrodes, the graphene sheets were observed in water with uniformity and little damage. In the 19th century the notion of nanotechnology was a good ways off, so of course, experiments with plastic progressed significantly faster.
This work describes the synthesis of graphene oxide go by both hummers and. However, knowledge about the structure of go is still in argument and ongoing to update. Graphite oxide was synthesized from natural graphite sp1 by a modified hummers method. Graphene has received so much attention due to its exceptional electronic. In this paper we present a facile method for the synthesis of aminated graphene derivative through simultaneous reduction and amination of graphene oxide via twostep liquid phase treatment with. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. Since then, other techniques have been developed to mechanically exfoliate graphene from graphite including sonication, reduction of graphene oxide,and electrochemical exfoliation. Pdf synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide go is an important material used as precursor for the synthesis of graphene, its derivatives and various graphene based composite materials.
Graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition and transfer by a rolltoroll process zhenyu juang, chihyu wu, angyu lu, chingyuan su, kehchyang leou, furong chen, chuenhorng tsai. Graphene oxide is the oxidized form of graphene produced by oxidizing crystal graphite with a mixture of sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate, and potassium permanganate the hummers method. Nanographene highquality graphene at a wholesale price. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers method. It is proven that redox method is a promising way to synthesize go films on a large scale. Tem and dfm analyses showed that go sheets prepared in this study had single and double lamellar layer. Pdf an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide go is described. Liu, hao 2014 modified thermal reduction of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphene like materials, is also discusse. Synthesis of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide page 70 to exfoliate the layers figure 3. Currently, synthesis methods for massive production are seemingly abundant but in fact.
Without using nano3 still produce same characteristic of go. Scalability is an important factor for the synthesis of graphene, and one of the most popular approaches towards graphite exfoliation is the use of strong oxidizing agents to obtain graphene oxide go, a nonconductive hydrophilic carbon material 5 6. A blueprint for the synthesis and characterisation of thin. Photosynergetic electrochemical synthesis of graphene oxide.
Pdf graphene oxide go can be regarded as one typical twodimension structured oxygenated planar molecular material. Synthesis of graphene oxide using modified hummers method. In this paper we would like to demonstrate that highly. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxideceo2 nanocomposites and their photocatalytic properties zhenyuan ji1,2, xiaoping shen1, minzhi li1, hu zhou3, guoxing zhu1 and kangmin chen2 1 school of chemistry and chemical engineering, jiangsu university, zhenjiang 2120, peoples republic of china. Currently, hummers method kmno4, nano3, h2so4 is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. Compared with hummers method, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is considered facile and.
Structurally, graphene oxide can be visualized as a graphene sheet with its basal plane decorated by oxygencontaining. A blueprint for the synthesis and characterisation of thin graphene oxide with controlled lateral dimensions for biomedicine to cite this article. The schematic structure of graphite oxide go was shown in figure 5. Go was obtained from graphite flakes by using modified hummers method in which different from conventional hummers method. There are several methods of synthesizing graphene and graphene oxide. Here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a freestanding carbonbased membrane material made by flowdirected assembly of individual graphene oxide. Currently, hummers method kmno 4, nano 3, h 2 so 4 is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. It can be considered as a precursor for graphene synthesis by either thermal or chemical reduction processes. Suresh gyan vihar university international journal of. A facile method to synthesize highly reduced graphene oxide in solid phase was developed. It is commonly used by engineering and lab technicians as a reliable method of producing quantities of graphite oxide. The optimization of both the chemical vapor deposition cvd synthesis method to prepare graphene and the improved hummers method to prepare graphite oxide is reported. Graphite oxide go was synthesized by a modified hummers method.
Synthesis and exfoliation of isocyanatetreated graphene oxide nanoplatelets sasha stankovich a, richard d. Synthesis of graphenetransition metal oxide hybrid. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxideceo2 nanocomposites and. The morphology of the graphene sheets were analyzed with scanning field emission electron microscope, indicating the crumpled nature of graphene sheets. Optimization of the synthesis procedures of graphene and. Graphene oxide go films with twodimensional structure were successfully prepared via the modified hummer method. The illustration shows the hexagonal arrangement of carbon atoms and the presence of oxygen domains. Hummers method is a chemical process that can be used to generate graphite oxide through the addition of potassium permanganate to a solution of graphite, sodium nitrate, and sulfuric acid. Keywords chemical vapor deposition cvd epitaxial mechanical exfoliation pecvd reduction graphene oxide rgo unzipping method introduction carbon. As much concentration we take initially, that much amount rgo we get at the end of the process. Oxidation of graphite effectively facilitates the exfoliation process, yet necessitates several lengthy. It shows that, nano3 does not affect the synthesis method to produce graphene oxide.
Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and. In addition, atomic force microscopy was employed to determine the thickness of the graphene sheets which varied from monolayer graphene to the stack of a few graphene sheets. Then, the reduction of go into graphene was carried out using lascorbic acid. Pdf synthesis of reduced graphene oxide rgo via chemical. Currently, an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide was the most common one. The aim of this study is to study the influence of different solvents on the structure and electrical properties of graphene oxide. Application to polysulfone tight ultrafiltration hollow fiber membrane skip to main content thank you for visiting. Massive production of graphene oxide from expanded graphite arxiv. Highefficient synthesis of graphene oxide based on improved. The main ingredient for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide is graphene oxide. Research across multiple disciplines has put it alone at the topmost concern due to unique physiochemical properties. Meeting the requirements, graphene oxide go has been considered widely as a prominent precursor and a starting material for the synthesis of this processable material.
An improved hummers method without using nano 3 can produce graphene oxide nearly the same to that prepared by conventional hummers method. Graphene oxide go is the oxidized analogy of graphene, recognized as the only intermediate or precursor for obtaining the latter in large scale, since the english chemist, sir brodie first reported about the oxidation of graphite centuries ago. We have found that excluding the nano3, increasing the amount of kmno4, and performing the reaction in a 9. Solid substances act as spacers and pillaring agents. Pdf structure and synthesis of graphene oxide researchgate.
Pdf on jan 1, 2019, mohit chaudhary and others published synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide find, read and cite all the. Roe, enhanced conductivity of reduced graphene oxide decorated with aluminium oxide nanoparticles by oxygen annealing. Design, synthesis, and characterization of graphene. In this study, we investigated the directional heating of graphene oxide go dispersion to generate a temperature gradient and form a simulated ocean current inside the dispersion so that go sheets could be aligned in a directional manner and then reduced and selfassembled into anisotropic reduced graphene oxide rgo gel. A simple approach to stepwise synthesis of graphene oxide. Ncs with molecular recognition ability for bioimaging currently remains a challenge. While the oxidizing synthesis process already involves modification of the oxidation state of nitrogen, further electrochemical cycling evidences the electrochemical processes for both the iro x and n groups attached to the graphene oxide. Highefficient synthesis of graphene oxide based on. Modified hummers method of synthesis this modified method of synthesis involves both oxidation and exfoliation of graphite sheets due to thermal treatment of solution. The aim of this study is synthesis of reduced graphene oxide by the tour method using the cheapest material, that is, graphite, as a starting material using different parameters such as the effect of concentration, temperature, and reaction time in the oxidation level of graphene oxide in a costeffective way.
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